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{{{#!wiki caution '''This is a beta service''' Please note that we are currently deploying the Cloud infrastructure at IFCA, so work is still in progress. If you find any error, please open a ticket on the helpdesk. }}} |
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| This is a beta service, since the deployment and development is ongoing. However, access is granted to certain users to test the functionality. | IFCA uses [[https://openstack.org|OpenStack]] (Havana version) for managing the cloud service. You may get access upon [[https://support.ifca.es/rt/Ticket/Create.html?Queue=3&Subject=New Cloud Account|request]]. There are several ways to access the infrastructure, namely: |
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| Check this document for updates frequenlty, since changes in the service may occur. | * [[http://portal.cloud.ifca.es|Horizon Web dashboard]] * [[http://api.openstack.org/|OpenStack API]], that can be used with the `nova` command line interface. * [[http://occi-wg.org/|OCCI API]], that can be used with [[https://github.com/gwdg/rOCCI-cli|rOCCI client]] |
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| IFCA uses !OpenStack for managing the cloud service, which provides several ways to access: * [[http://portal.cloud.ifca.es|Web dashboard]] * [[http://api.openstack.org/|OpenStack API]], that can be used with the `nova` command line interface. * [[http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/|Amazon EC2 API]], available with the `euca` commands. |
This documents focuses on the usage of the `nova` command. This and the web dashboard are the recommended client tools to use with our infrastructure. |
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| This documents focuses on the usage of the euca tools in the [[Cluster/Usage|GRIDUI Cluster]]. | == Documentation == |
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| == Credentials == | The official, up to date documentation can be found in the following link: |
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| You need a valid account for accessing the cloud services. The username and password of that account may not be the same you are using in the [[Cluster/Usage|GRIDUI Cluster]]. Contact the [[http://support.ifca.es|helpdesk]] if you need further information on your account. | * http://docs.openstack.org/user-guide/content/ |
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| Once you have a valid user and password, you can obtain your credentials in the dashboard of !OpenStack. Login into [[http://portal.cloud.ifca.es|Web portal]] and go to your settings area (Link in the upper right corner). There you two different kind of credentials: * The !OpenStack Credentials that can be used with the `nova` command * The EC2 Credentials can be used with `euca` tools. |
Plase refer to that documentation, since it contains the most up to date and accurate documentation for using OpenStack resources. |
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| Download the zip with the EC2 Credentials and unzip it into your GRIDUI home before attempting any of the commands. Once you have the files in the UI, source the `ec2rc.sh` file in order to have the environment ready {{{ . ec2rc.sh |
{{{#!wiki caution Important: Do not hesitate in [[https://support.ifca.es/rt/Ticket/Create.html?Queue=3 | opening a ticket]] if you notice problems using cloud services. |
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Now you should be able to execute the commands to access the resources. == Creating machines == The cloud service lets you instantiate virtual machines (VM) on demand. When you request the creation of a new VM, you can select the operating systems and the size (RAM, Disk, CPUs) that will be used to run the machine. In this section we will show how to discover which software and sizes are available and how to start a new virtual machine. === Keypairs === Before attempting to start a new virtual machine, you should have a keypair that will allow you to login into the machine once it is running. Normally you just need to create one keypair that can be reused for all your virtual machines (although you can create as much SSH credentials as you want). The `euca-describe-keypairs` list your current keypairs. Initially the command should not return anything. In order to create a new key, use the `euca-add-keypair` with the name you want to use redirecting the ouput to the file where you want to store that key. For example, for creating a key named `cloudkey` that will be stored in `cloudkey.pem`: {{{ $ euca-add-keypair cloudkey > cloudkey.pem }}} Your recently created keypair should now appear in the list of available keypairs: {{{ $ euca-describe-keypairs KEYPAIR cloudkey cc:2a:af:56:8a:a9:36:2c:75:fe:ce:b7:98:fc:62:64 }}} Make sure that you keep safe the file `cloudkey.pem`, since it will contain the private key needed to access your cloud machines. === Images === The {{{ $ euca-describe-images IMAGE ami-00000001 None (IFCA Scientific Linux 5.5 JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000002 None (IFCA Scientific Linux 5.5 + ROOT v5.30.00) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000003 None (IFCA Ubuntu Server 10.04 JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000004 None (IFCA Debian Wheezy (2011-08) JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000005 None (cloudpipe) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000006 None (IFCA Scientific Linux 5.5 + PROOF v5.30.00) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000007 None (IFCA Ubuntu Server 10.04 JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000008 None (IFCA openSUSE 11.4 JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000009 None (IFCA openSUSE 11.4 + Compilers) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-0000000a None (IFCA openSUSE 11.4 + Compilers + Mathematica) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-0000000b None (IFCA Ubuntu Server 11.10 JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-0000000c None (Fedora 15) available public machine aki-0000000d ari-0000000e instance-store IMAGE aki-0000000d None (Fedora 15 kernel) available private kernel instance-store IMAGE ari-0000000e None (Fedora 15 initrd) available private ramdisk instance-store IMAGE ari-00000011 None (Fedora 17 initrd) available private ramdisk instance-store IMAGE aki-00000010 None (Fedora 17 kernel) available private kernel instance-store IMAGE ami-0000000f None (Fedora 17) available public machine aki-00000010 ari-00000011 instance-store IMAGE ami-00000012 None (Fedora 17 old glibc) available public machine aki-00000010 ari-00000011 instance-store IMAGE ami-00000017 None (IFCA Scientific Linux 6.2 JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE aki-00000023 None (ubuntu 12.04 kernel) available public kernel instance-store IMAGE ami-00000022 None (Ubuntu 12.04 JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE aki-00000025 None (Ubuntu 11.10 kernel) available public kernel instance-store IMAGE ami-00000024 None (Ubuntu Server 11.10 JeOS) available public machine aki-00000025 instance-store }}} == Create a machine == To create a machine you have to perform several steps: * Decide which of the pre-built images you are going to use. * Decide which with of the available sizes is suitable for you. * Decide (and create if not ready) with keypair should be used to connect to the machine. === Image and size selection === ==== Image selection ==== There are several pre-built images available. To check them, use the `euca-describe-images` command: {{{ $ euca-describe-images IMAGE ami-00000008 None (cloudpipe) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000007 None (Debian Wheezy (2011-08)) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000006 None (lucid-server-uec-amd64.img) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000003 None (Scientific Linux 5.5) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000001 None (Scientific Linux 5.5) available public machine instance-store }}} Once you have decided with image to use, write down its identifier (ami-XXXXXXXX). ==== Instance types ==== You can choose the size of your machine (i.e. how many CPUs and how much memory) from the following instance types: ===== Standard machines ===== || '''Name''' || '''Memory''' || '''# CPU''' || '''Local storage''' || '''Swap''' || || m1.tiny || 512MB || 1 || 0GB || 0GB|| || m1.small || 2048MB || 1 || 20GB || 0GB|| || m1.medium || 4096MB || 2 || 40GB || 0GB|| || m1.large || 8192MB || 4 || 80GB || 0GB|| || m1.xlarge || 16384MB || 8 || 160GB || 0GB|| ===== High-memory machines ===== || '''Name''' || '''Memory''' || '''# CPU''' || '''Local storage''' || '''Swap''' || || m2.8g || 8192MG || 1 || 10GB || 0GB|| === Create SSH credentials === For most of the users this is a one-time step (although you can create as much SSH credentials as you want). You have to create an SSH-keypair so as to inject it to the newly created machine with the following command (it will create a keypair named `cloudkey` and store it under `~/.cloud/cloudkey.pem`): {{{ $ euca-add-keypair cloudkey > ~/.cloud/cloudkey.pem }}} Make sure that you keep safe the file `~/.cloud/cloudkey.pem`, since it will contain the private key needed to access your cloud machines. You can check the name later with the `euca-describe-keypairs` command. === Launching the instance === To launch the instance, you have to issue `euca-run-instances`, specifying: * wich keypair to use (in the example `cloudkey`). * wich size should be used (in the example `m1.tiny`). * with image should be used (in the example `ami-00000001`). {{{ $ euca-run-instances -k cloudkey -t m1.tiny ami-00000001 RESERVATION r-1zdwog0m ACES default INSTANCE i-00000048 ami-00000001 scheduling cloudkey (ACES, None) 2011-09-02T12:19:41Z None None }}} You can check its status with `euca-describe-instances` {{{ $ euca-describe-instances i-00000048 RESERVATION r-vmfu1xq2 ACES default INSTANCE i-00000048 ami-00000001 172.16.1.8 172.16.1.8 blocked cloudkey (ACES, cloud01) 0 m1.tiny 2011-09-02T12:15:32Z nova }}} === Connect to the server === === Authorize SSH connections and ping === If you decide not to use a VPN, but connect to your machines trough the GRIDUI cluster, you have to authorize such connections with: {{{ $ euca-authorize -P tcp -p 22 default $ euca-authorize -P icmp -t -1:-1 default }}} ==== SSH Connection ==== You have to use the private identify file that you created before (`~/.cloud/cloudkey.pem`) and pass it to the SSH client. To check the IP to with you should connect, check it with `euca-describe-instances` {{{ $ ssh -i ~/.cloud/cloudkey.pem root@172.16.1.8 }}} === Stopping the server === Images can be stopped with `euca-terminate-instances` {{{ $ euca-terminate-instances i-00000048 }}} == Creating a Machine with OpenStack == Go to http://portal.cloud.ifca.es to access to OpenStack system, which lets you to create a new image in the cloud. === Image and size selection === You should launch the image that you want to use (within a list of OS) and click “Launch”. A new popup window will be shown and you have to choose the configuration of the system (requirements, name of the server...). {{attachment:openstack2.png|alt text|width=600}} === Create SSH credentials === You must import or create a new key in order to access to that image. To do so go to “Access & Security” tab and click on Create or Import Keypair. {{attachment:openstack1.png|alt text|width=600}} === Connect to the server === In order to access throw ssh to the image, you must asign an IP to the instance. Click on “Access & Security” again and select “Allocate IP to project”. Choose the type of IP that you want to use and click “Allocate IP”. After that, you need to link that IP with your new image. Click on the button “Associate IP” of your new IP and select the instance that you have just created. {{attachment:openstack3.png|alt text|width=600}} ==== SSH Connection ==== Last step is to download the keypair that you have created or imported and move it to the machine that you will use to conect to the isntance. Change permission to 600 and use the following command to connect: {{{ $ Ssh -i clave.pem root@cloud.image.IP }}} Done == Using Cloud Storage == The storage in the cloud use volumes. Volumes are raw block devices that can be created dynamically with a desired size and associated with cloud images to be used as data disk. After use the data in the volume you can detach from the image and save for a later use of the persisted data. === Creating a Volume === To create a volume you have to run `euca-create-volume` command. For instance, to create a volume that is 100GB in size: {{{ $ euca-create-volume -s 100 -z nova VOLUME vol-00000001 10 creating 2015-11-29 }}} === Using a Volume in an instance === You may attach block volumes to instances using `euca-attach-volume`. You will need to specify the local block device name (this will be used inside the instance) and the identified instance. Currently the devices to attach the volume should be `/dev/xvdc`, `/dev/xvdd`,... `/dev/xvdz`. Attaching volume `vol-00000001` to `image i-00000001` in device /dev/xvdc si done with: {{{ $ euca-attach-volume -i i-00000001 -d /dev/xvdc vol-00000001 }}} You can see the volume attached to the image with the command `euca-describe-volumes`. {{{ $ euca-describe-volumes VOLUME vol-00000001 100 nova in-use 2015-11-29 ATTACHMENT vol-0000000c i-00000051 /dev/xvdc }}} You can then use the new volume inside your running instance. As an example, the usage of the volume as an `ext4` filesystem in a Ubuntu image is described below. 1. log into the image and check that the device is visible (as either `root` or as `ubuntu` user and use `sudo` for commands): . {{{ server-1 $ sudo fdisk -l | grep Disk Disk /dev/xvda doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/xvdb doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/xvdc doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/xvda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/xvdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/xvdc: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 }}} 1. Create a single ext4 partition on the device, an mount in the /srv mount point (-o sync is safe in case of image crashs): . {{{ server-1 $ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdc (...) server-1 $ sudo mount -t ext4 -o sync /dev/xvdc /srv }}} 1. Check that the volume is visible as a mounted filesystem: . {{{ server-1 $ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda 9.9G 622M 8.8G 7% / none 996M 144K 995M 1% /dev none 1001M 0 1001M 0% /dev/shm none 1001M 48K 1001M 1% /var/run none 1001M 0 1001M 0% /var/lock none 1001M 0 1001M 0% /lib/init/rw /dev/xvdb 20G 173M 19G 1% /mnt /dev/xvdc 99G 188M 94G 1% /srv }}} After you are done with the volume yo can detach from image with (you should `umount` it first on your instance): {{{ $ euca-detach-volume vol-00000001 }}} You must detach a volume before terminating an instance or deleting a volume. If you fail to detach a volume, it may leave the volume in an inconsistent state and you risk losing data. === Reusing an Old Volume === Attach with the new image: {{{ $ euca-attach-volume -i i-00000002 -d /dev/xvdc vol-00000001 }}} Because the filesystem is already created on the volume, you only need to mount it to access: {{{ server-1 $ sudo mount -t ext4 -o sync /dev/xvdc /srv }}} After you are done with the volume yo can detach from image: {{{ $ euca-detach-volume vol-00000001 }}} === Other uses of Volumes === With volume you can create snapshots of the data, recover it, delete volumes,...etc. More on volumes [[http://open.eucalyptus.com/wiki/Euca2oolsStorage]] == Advanced topics == === Attach to the project's VPN === Each project has a VPN assigned to it. You can attach any computer to it, thus having it connected to your project's internal network. So as to do so, you have to perform several steps (instructions only for GNU/Linux): 1. Copy your `~.cloud` to the machine that you want to attach to your project's VPN. 1. Install [[https://www.openvpn.net/|OpenVPN]] on that machine. 1. Launch openvpn with the `nova-vpn.conf` configuration file. {{{ # cd cloud_credentials # openvpn --config nova-vpn.conf }}} Please note that there are several paths in the `nova-vpn.conf` configuration file that are relative to the directory in which it is located. Should you wish to use different/separated paths, please edit `nova-vpn.conf` and adjust the `cert`, `key` and `ca` parameters. MacOS users may use [[http://code.google.com/p/tunnelblick/| Tunnelblick]] (a GUI interface to OpenVPN) that can use the `nova-vpn.conf` and certificate files without any changes. ==== VPN with Ubuntu 10.04 ==== 1. Install network-manager-openvpn package 1. Add to /etc/dbus-1/system.d/nm-openvpn-service.conf between `policy root` and `policy default`: {{{ <policy user=”at_console”> <allow own=”org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.vpnc”/> <allow send_destination=”org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.vpnc”/> </policy> }}} 1.#3 With the network configuration in gnome bar, add new VPN conection importing nova-vpn.conf 1. Edit VPN conection, inside routing options, use this conection only for own resource. 1. Restart computer to get all changes in. Now you can activate/deactivate VPN from gnome bar. ==== VPN with Windows ==== 1. Install OpenVPN Connect Client from http://openvpn.net. 1. Rename nova-vpn.conf to nova-vpn.ovpn. 1. From Access -> Profiles -> Import from Local File, load the file nova-vpn.ovpn. 1. To connect, press on new nova-vpn button. # === Manage multiple credentials === # and checking that `NOVA_API`, `NOVA_CERT`, `NOVA_PROJECT`, `NOVA_URL`, `NOVA_USERNAME`, |
Cloud Computing at IFCA
Contents
1. Introduction
IFCA uses OpenStack (Havana version) for managing the cloud service. You may get access upon request. There are several ways to access the infrastructure, namely:
OpenStack API, that can be used with the nova command line interface.
OCCI API, that can be used with rOCCI client
This documents focuses on the usage of the nova command. This and the web dashboard are the recommended client tools to use with our infrastructure.
2. Documentation
The official, up to date documentation can be found in the following link:
Plase refer to that documentation, since it contains the most up to date and accurate documentation for using OpenStack resources.
Important: Do not hesitate in opening a ticket if you notice problems using cloud services.