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| == Credentials == | == Access and Credentials == |
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| $ nova boot --flavor m1.tiny --image 18d99a06-c3e5-4157-a0e3-37ec34bdfc24 --key-name cloudkey testVM | $ nova boot --flavor m1.tiny --image 18d99a06-c3e5-4157-a0e3-37ec34bdfc24 --key_name cloudkey testVM |
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Otherwise your usage will be accounted and it will affect your quotas and billing. |
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| # dmesg | grep xvdc blkfront: xvdc: barriers disabled xvdc: unknown partition table blkfront: xvdc: barriers disabled xvdc: unknown partition table |
[root@testvm ~]# fdisk -l | grep Disk Disk /dev/xvda doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/xvdc doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/xvda: 3220 MB, 3220176896 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/xvdc: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 |
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| Volumes are created without any kind of filesystem, you will need to create one the first time that you use it. A single ext4 partition should be enough for most use cases. You can create such filesystem with this command from your VM: `# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdc` (change `/dev/xvdc` if needed) | Volumes are created without any kind of filesystem, you will need to create one the first time that you use it. A single ext4 partition should be enough for most use cases. You can create such filesystem with this command from your VM: `mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdc` (change `/dev/xvdc` if needed) |
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| [root@testvm ~]# umount /dev/xvdc | [root@testvm ~]# umount /dev/xvdc |
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| == Advanced topics == | == Networking == All created VMs have a private IP accessible from the GRIDUI. If you need access to the machine from outside GRIDUI, there are two alternatives: using a VPN or assigning public IPs to the VMs. |
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| VPNs are currently being tested in the infrastructure. The documentation will be updated as soon as the features are available. |
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| All the created VM have a private IP accessible from the GRIDUI. == Summary & euca commands == This document is based in the `nova` native commands of !OpenStack, but you can also use the `euca-` commands that use the EC2 API instead of the !OpenStack one. The process for managing your VMs is practically identical. The following table summarizes the main commands and their euca equivalents. Take into account that euca commands use a different type of identifiers (`ami`)! |
IFCA provides a pool of public IPs to use them in the cloud service. These can be allocated for your use and assigned to your VMs. Please note that the number of public IPs is limited! New IPs are created with `nova floating-ip-create`: {{{ $ nova floating-ip-create +----------------+-------------+----------+------+ | Ip | Instance Id | Fixed Ip | Pool | +----------------+-------------+----------+------+ | 193.146.75.142 | None | None | nova | +----------------+-------------+----------+------+ }}} You can get the list of the current available IPs with `nova floation-ip-list`: {{{ $ nova floating-ip-list +----------------+-------------+----------+------+ | Ip | Instance Id | Fixed Ip | Pool | +----------------+-------------+----------+------+ | 193.146.75.142 | None | None | nova | +----------------+-------------+----------+------+ }}} This newly allocated IP can now be associated to a running VM with `nova add-floating-ip <VM ID> <IP>`: {{{ $ nova add-floating-ip 9f870141-638e-4eb9-a2fa-ec770d1edb79 193.146.75.142 }}} The list command will show that the IP is assigned: {{{ $ nova floating-ip-list +----------------+--------------------------------------+------------+------+ | Ip | Instance Id | Fixed Ip | Pool | +----------------+--------------------------------------+------------+------+ | 193.146.75.142 | 9f870141-638e-4eb9-a2fa-ec770d1edb79 | 172.16.2.9 | nova | +----------------+--------------------------------------+------------+------+ }}} And you will be able to connect to the machine with this new IP: {{{ $ ssh -i cloudkey.pem root@193.146.75.142 The authenticity of host '193.146.75.142 (193.146.75.142)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 29:80:9b:28:e7:8a:00:fe:6c:60:ef:e6:a6:71:33:bd. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '193.146.75.142' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. Last login: Fri Sep 28 16:54:40 2012 from gridui02.ifca.es [root@testvm ~]# }}} IPs can be disassociated from the VM with the `nova remove-floating-ip <VM ID> <IP>`: {{{ $ nova remove-floating-ip 9f870141-638e-4eb9-a2fa-ec770d1edb79 193.146.75.142 }}} IPs can be associated/disassociated as many times as needed to any VM you may have running. When no longer needed, release the IP address (i.e. it will no longer be available four your use): {{{ $ nova floating-ip-delete 193.146.75.142 }}} == Euca commands == This document is based in the `nova` native commands of !OpenStack, but you can also use the `euca-` commands that use the EC2 API instead of the !OpenStack one. Credentials for EC2 can be obtained from the web portal. You can download a zip file and unzip it into your GRIDUI home. It contains some certificates and a shell script with the variables needed for running the euca commands. Source it before attempting any command: {{{ $ . ec2rc.sh }}} The process for managing your VMs is practically identical, but you need to be aware that different identifiers are used at each system. For example, showing all the available images is performed with `euca-describe-images`. The id to use when starting the image is in the form `ami-xxxxxxxx`: {{{ $ euca-describe-images IMAGE ami-00000001 None (IFCA Scientific Linux 5.5 JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000002 None (IFCA Scientific Linux 5.5 + ROOT v5.30.00) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000003 None (IFCA Ubuntu Server 10.04 JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000004 None (IFCA Debian Wheezy (2011-08) JeOS) available publicmachine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000005 None (cloudpipe) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000006 None (IFCA Scientific Linux 5.5 + PROOF v5.30.00) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000007 None (IFCA Ubuntu Server 10.04 JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000008 None (IFCA openSUSE 11.4 JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000009 None (IFCA openSUSE 11.4 + Compilers) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-0000000a None (IFCA openSUSE 11.4 + Compilers + Mathematica) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-0000000b None (IFCA Ubuntu Server 11.10 JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-0000000c None (Fedora 15) available public machine aki-0000000d ari-0000000e instance-store IMAGE aki-0000000d None (Fedora 15 kernel) available private kernel instance-store IMAGE ari-0000000e None (Fedora 15 initrd) available private ramdisk instance-store IMAGE ari-00000011 None (Fedora 17 initrd) available private ramdisk instance-store IMAGE aki-00000010 None (Fedora 17 kernel) available private kernel instance-store IMAGE ami-0000000f None (Fedora 17) available public machine aki-00000010 ari-00000011 instance-store IMAGE ami-00000012 None (Fedora 17 old glibc) available public machine aki-00000010 ari-00000011 instance-store IMAGE ami-00000017 None (IFCA Scientific Linux 6.2 JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE aki-00000023 None (ubuntu 12.04 kernel) available public kernel instance-store IMAGE ami-00000022 None (Ubuntu 12.04 JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE aki-00000025 None (Ubuntu 11.10 kernel) available public kernel instance-store IMAGE ami-00000024 None (Ubuntu Server 11.10 JeOS) available public machine aki-00000025 instance-store }}} Booting a VM with: * runs IFCA Scientific Linux 5.5 JeOS (ID `ami-00000001`) * of size `m1.tiny` * with the key `cloudkey` {{{ $ euca-run-instances -k cloudkey -t m1.tiny ami-00000001 RESERVATION r-d4722tgt c725b18d8d0643e7b410dc5a8d9ab554 default INSTANCE i-00000203 ami-00000001 server-515 server-515 pending cloudkey 2012-10-01T08:46:42.000Z None None }}} Again, note the different kind of identifiers. Any other euca commands referring to this VM should use `i-00000203` as identifier. The following table summarizes the main commands and their euca equivalents. |
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| || Show VM details || `nova show <id>` || `euca-describe-instances i-<ID>` || || Delete VM || `nova delete <id>` || `euca-terminate-instances i-<ID>` || |
|| Show VM details || `nova show <vm_id>` || `euca-describe-instances i-<vm_id>` || || Delete VM || `nova delete <vm_id>` || `euca-terminate-instances i-<vm_id>` || |
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| || Attach Volume || `nova volume-attach <VM id> <Volume id> <local device>` || `euca-attach-volume -i i-<VM-ID> -d <local device> vol-<ID>` || || Detach Volume || `nova volume-detach <VM id> <Volume id>` || `euca-detach-volme vol-<ID>` || |
|| Attach Volume || `nova volume-attach <vm_id> <vol_id> <local device>` || `euca-attach-volume -i i-<vm_id> -d <local device> vol-<vol_id>` || || Detach Volume || `nova volume-detach <vm_id> <vol_id>` || `euca-detach-volme vol-<vol_id>` || || Allocate IP || `nova floating-ip-create` || `euca-allocate-address` || || Associate IP || `nova add-floating-ip <vm_id> <IP>` || `euca-associate-address -i i-<vm_id> <IP>` || || List IPs || `nova floation-ip-list` || `euca-describe-addresses` || || Disassociate IP || `nova remove-floating-ip <vm_id> <IP>` || `euca-disassociate-address <IP>` || || Release IP || `nova floating-ip-delete <IP>` || `euca-release-address <IP>` || |
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= OLD STUFF = == Create a machine == To create a machine you have to perform several steps: * Decide which of the pre-built images you are going to use. * Decide which with of the available sizes is suitable for you. * Decide (and create if not ready) with keypair should be used to connect to the machine. === Image and size selection === ==== Image selection ==== There are several pre-built images available. To check them, use the `euca-describe-images` command: {{{ $ euca-describe-images IMAGE ami-00000008 None (cloudpipe) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000007 None (Debian Wheezy (2011-08)) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000006 None (lucid-server-uec-amd64.img) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000003 None (Scientific Linux 5.5) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000001 None (Scientific Linux 5.5) available public machine instance-store }}} Once you have decided with image to use, write down its identifier (ami-XXXXXXXX). ==== Instance types ==== You can choose the size of your machine (i.e. how many CPUs and how much memory) from the following instance types: ===== Standard machines ===== || '''Name''' || '''Memory''' || '''# CPU''' || '''Local storage''' || '''Swap''' || || m1.tiny || 512MB || 1 || 0GB || 0GB|| || m1.small || 2048MB || 1 || 20GB || 0GB|| || m1.medium || 4096MB || 2 || 40GB || 0GB|| || m1.large || 8192MB || 4 || 80GB || 0GB|| || m1.xlarge || 16384MB || 8 || 160GB || 0GB|| ===== High-memory machines ===== || '''Name''' || '''Memory''' || '''# CPU''' || '''Local storage''' || '''Swap''' || || m2.8g || 8192MG || 1 || 10GB || 0GB|| === Create SSH credentials === For most of the users this is a one-time step (although you can create as much SSH credentials as you want). You have to create an SSH-keypair so as to inject it to the newly created machine with the following command (it will create a keypair named `cloudkey` and store it under `~/.cloud/cloudkey.pem`): {{{ $ euca-add-keypair cloudkey > ~/.cloud/cloudkey.pem }}} Make sure that you keep safe the file `~/.cloud/cloudkey.pem`, since it will contain the private key needed to access your cloud machines. You can check the name later with the `euca-describe-keypairs` command. === Launching the instance === To launch the instance, you have to issue `euca-run-instances`, specifying: * wich keypair to use (in the example `cloudkey`). * wich size should be used (in the example `m1.tiny`). * with image should be used (in the example `ami-00000001`). {{{ $ euca-run-instances -k cloudkey -t m1.tiny ami-00000001 RESERVATION r-1zdwog0m ACES default INSTANCE i-00000048 ami-00000001 scheduling cloudkey (ACES, None) 2011-09-02T12:19:41Z None None }}} You can check its status with `euca-describe-instances` {{{ $ euca-describe-instances i-00000048 RESERVATION r-vmfu1xq2 ACES default INSTANCE i-00000048 ami-00000001 172.16.1.8 172.16.1.8 blocked cloudkey (ACES, cloud01) 0 m1.tiny 2011-09-02T12:15:32Z nova }}} === Connect to the server === === Authorize SSH connections and ping === If you decide not to use a VPN, but connect to your machines trough the GRIDUI cluster, you have to authorize such connections with: {{{ $ euca-authorize -P tcp -p 22 default $ euca-authorize -P icmp -t -1:-1 default }}} ==== SSH Connection ==== You have to use the private identify file that you created before (`~/.cloud/cloudkey.pem`) and pass it to the SSH client. To check the IP to with you should connect, check it with `euca-describe-instances` {{{ $ ssh -i ~/.cloud/cloudkey.pem root@172.16.1.8 }}} === Stopping the server === Images can be stopped with `euca-terminate-instances` {{{ $ euca-terminate-instances i-00000048 }}} == Creating a Machine with OpenStack == |
The !OpenStack dashboard lets you perform all the operations described in this manual from your web browser. '''NEDS REVISION''' === Creating a Machine with OpenStack === |
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| $ Ssh -i clave.pem root@cloud.image.IP | $ ssh -i clave.pem root@cloud.image.IP |
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== Using Cloud Storage == The storage in the cloud use volumes. Volumes are raw block devices that can be created dynamically with a desired size and associated with cloud images to be used as data disk. After use the data in the volume you can detach from the image and save for a later use of the persisted data. === Creating a Volume === To create a volume you have to run `euca-create-volume` command. For instance, to create a volume that is 100GB in size: {{{ $ euca-create-volume -s 100 -z nova VOLUME vol-00000001 10 creating 2015-11-29 }}} === Using a Volume in an instance === You may attach block volumes to instances using `euca-attach-volume`. You will need to specify the local block device name (this will be used inside the instance) and the identified instance. Currently the devices to attach the volume should be `/dev/xvdc`, `/dev/xvdd`,... `/dev/xvdz`. Attaching volume `vol-00000001` to `image i-00000001` in device /dev/xvdc si done with: {{{ $ euca-attach-volume -i i-00000001 -d /dev/xvdc vol-00000001 }}} You can see the volume attached to the image with the command `euca-describe-volumes`. {{{ $ euca-describe-volumes VOLUME vol-00000001 100 nova in-use 2015-11-29 ATTACHMENT vol-0000000c i-00000051 /dev/xvdc }}} You can then use the new volume inside your running instance. As an example, the usage of the volume as an `ext4` filesystem in a Ubuntu image is described below. 1. log into the image and check that the device is visible (as either `root` or as `ubuntu` user and use `sudo` for commands): . {{{ server-1 $ sudo fdisk -l | grep Disk Disk /dev/xvda doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/xvdb doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/xvdc doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/xvda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/xvdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/xvdc: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 }}} 1. Create a single ext4 partition on the device, an mount in the /srv mount point (-o sync is safe in case of image crashs): . {{{ server-1 $ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdc (...) server-1 $ sudo mount -t ext4 -o sync /dev/xvdc /srv }}} 1. Check that the volume is visible as a mounted filesystem: . {{{ server-1 $ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda 9.9G 622M 8.8G 7% / none 996M 144K 995M 1% /dev none 1001M 0 1001M 0% /dev/shm none 1001M 48K 1001M 1% /var/run none 1001M 0 1001M 0% /var/lock none 1001M 0 1001M 0% /lib/init/rw /dev/xvdb 20G 173M 19G 1% /mnt /dev/xvdc 99G 188M 94G 1% /srv }}} After you are done with the volume yo can detach from image with (you should `umount` it first on your instance): {{{ $ euca-detach-volume vol-00000001 }}} You must detach a volume before terminating an instance or deleting a volume. If you fail to detach a volume, it may leave the volume in an inconsistent state and you risk losing data. === Reusing an Old Volume === Attach with the new image: {{{ $ euca-attach-volume -i i-00000002 -d /dev/xvdc vol-00000001 }}} Because the filesystem is already created on the volume, you only need to mount it to access: {{{ server-1 $ sudo mount -t ext4 -o sync /dev/xvdc /srv }}} After you are done with the volume yo can detach from image: {{{ $ euca-detach-volume vol-00000001 }}} === Other uses of Volumes === With volume you can create snapshots of the data, recover it, delete volumes,...etc. More on volumes [[http://open.eucalyptus.com/wiki/Euca2oolsStorage]] == Advanced topics == === Attach to the project's VPN === Each project has a VPN assigned to it. You can attach any computer to it, thus having it connected to your project's internal network. So as to do so, you have to perform several steps (instructions only for GNU/Linux): 1. Copy your `~.cloud` to the machine that you want to attach to your project's VPN. 1. Install [[https://www.openvpn.net/|OpenVPN]] on that machine. 1. Launch openvpn with the `nova-vpn.conf` configuration file. {{{ # cd cloud_credentials # openvpn --config nova-vpn.conf }}} Please note that there are several paths in the `nova-vpn.conf` configuration file that are relative to the directory in which it is located. Should you wish to use different/separated paths, please edit `nova-vpn.conf` and adjust the `cert`, `key` and `ca` parameters. MacOS users may use [[http://code.google.com/p/tunnelblick/| Tunnelblick]] (a GUI interface to OpenVPN) that can use the `nova-vpn.conf` and certificate files without any changes. ==== VPN with Ubuntu 10.04 ==== 1. Install network-manager-openvpn package 1. Add to /etc/dbus-1/system.d/nm-openvpn-service.conf between `policy root` and `policy default`: {{{ <policy user=”at_console”> <allow own=”org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.vpnc”/> <allow send_destination=”org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.vpnc”/> </policy> }}} 1.#3 With the network configuration in gnome bar, add new VPN conection importing nova-vpn.conf 1. Edit VPN conection, inside routing options, use this conection only for own resource. 1. Restart computer to get all changes in. Now you can activate/deactivate VPN from gnome bar. ==== VPN with Windows ==== 1. Install OpenVPN Connect Client from http://openvpn.net. 1. Rename nova-vpn.conf to nova-vpn.ovpn. 1. From Access -> Profiles -> Import from Local File, load the file nova-vpn.ovpn. 1. To connect, press on new nova-vpn button. # === Manage multiple credentials === # and checking that `NOVA_API`, `NOVA_CERT`, `NOVA_PROJECT`, `NOVA_URL`, `NOVA_USERNAME`, |
Cloud Computing at IFCA
This is a beta service
Please note that we are currently deploying the Cloud infrastructure at IFCA, so work is still in progress. If you find any error, please open a ticket on the helpdesk.
Contents
1. Introduction
This is a beta service, since the deployment and development is ongoing. However, access is granted to certain users to test the functionality.
Check this document for updates frequenlty, since changes in the service may occur.
IFCA uses OpenStack for managing the cloud service, which provides several ways to access:
OpenStack API, that can be used with the nova command line interface.
Amazon EC2 API, available with the euca commands.
This documents focuses on the usage of the nova command in the GRIDUI Cluster.
2. Access and Credentials
You need a valid account for accessing the cloud services. The username and password of that account may not be the same you are using in the GRIDUI Cluster. Contact the helpdesk if you need further information on your account.
Once you have a valid user and password, you can obtain your credentials in the dashboard of OpenStack. Login into Web portal and go to your settings area (Link in the upper right corner). There you two different kind of credentials:
The OpenStack Credentials that can be used with the nova command
The EC2 Credentials can be used with euca tools.
Download the configuration file for OpenStack and copy it to the GRIDUI before attempting any of the commands. Once you have the file, source it in order to have the environment ready.
$ . openrc.sh Please enter your OpenStack Password:
Now you should be able to execute the commands to access the resources. Try that your environment is correct with the nova endpoints command. It should return all the services available in the OpenStack installation:
$ nova endpoints +-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | nova-volume | Value | +-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | adminURL | http://cloud.ifca.es:8776/v1/c725b18d8d0643e7b410dc5a8d9ab554 | | internalURL | http://cloud.ifca.es:8776/v1/c725b18d8d0643e7b410dc5a8d9ab554 | | publicURL | http://cloud.ifca.es:8776/v1/c725b18d8d0643e7b410dc5a8d9ab554 | | region | RegionOne | +-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ +-------------+-------------------------------+ | glance | Value | +-------------+-------------------------------+ | adminURL | http://glance.ifca.es:9292/v1 | | internalURL | http://glance.ifca.es:9292/v1 | | publicURL | http://glance.ifca.es:9292/v1 | | region | RegionOne | +-------------+-------------------------------+ +-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | nova | Value | +-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | adminURL | http://cloud.ifca.es:8774/v1.1/c725b18d8d0643e7b410dc5a8d9ab554 | | internalURL | http://cloud.ifca.es:8774/v1.1/c725b18d8d0643e7b410dc5a8d9ab554 | | publicURL | http://cloud.ifca.es:8774/v1.1/c725b18d8d0643e7b410dc5a8d9ab554 | | region | RegionOne | | serviceName | nova | +-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ +-------------+------------------------------------------+ | ec2 | Value | +-------------+------------------------------------------+ | adminURL | http://cloud.ifca.es:8773/services/Admin | | internalURL | http://cloud.ifca.es:8773/services/Cloud | | publicURL | http://cloud.ifca.es:8773/services/Cloud | | region | RegionOne | +-------------+------------------------------------------+ +-------------+------------------------------------+ | keystone | Value | +-------------+------------------------------------+ | adminURL | http://keystone.ifca.es:35357/v2.0 | | internalURL | http://keystone.ifca.es:5000/v2.0 | | publicURL | http://keystone.ifca.es:5000/v2.0 | | region | RegionOne | +-------------+------------------------------------+
3. Managing machines
The cloud service lets you instantiate virtual machines (VM) on demand. When you request the creation of a new VM, you can select the operating systems and the size (RAM, Disk, CPUs) that will be used to run the machine. In this section we will show how to discover which software and sizes are available and how to start a new virtual machine.
3.1. Keypairs
Before attempting to start a new virtual machine, you should have a keypair that will allow you to login into the machine once it is running. Normally you just need to create one keypair that can be reused for all your virtual machines (although you can create as much SSH credentials as you want).
The nova keypair-list command shows your current keypairs. Initially the command should not return anything.
In order to create a new key, use nova keypair-add with a name for the key you want to use redirecting the ouput to the file where you want to store that key. For example, for creating a key named cloudkey that will be stored in cloudkey.pem:
$ nova keypair-add cloudkey > cloudkey.pem
Your recently created keypair should now appear in the list of available keypairs:
$ nova keypair-list +----------+-------------------------------------------------+ | Name | Fingerprint | +----------+-------------------------------------------------+ | cloudkey | 37:fd:b6:73:59:78:fd:f2:7f:e7:9c:1b:9a:88:a5:cb | +----------+-------------------------------------------------+
Make sure that you keep safe the file cloudkey.pem, since it will contain the private key needed to access your cloud machines. Set proper permissions to the key before using it with chmod 600 clodkey.pem (only user can read or write). If you need to delete one of your keypairs, use the nova keypair-delete command.
3.2. Images
The service lets you run VMs with different Operating Systems, you can list all the available ones with the nova image-list command. The ID of the image will be used as arguments for other commands.
$ nova image-list +--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+--------+--------+ | ID | Name | Status | Server | +--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+--------+--------+ | 6b3046eb-4649-44d6-96c2-9a93d3aab8dc | Fedora 15 | ACTIVE | | | e803caa2-c247-4088-80fd-54e77b20a5cb | Fedora 15 initrd | ACTIVE | | | 6823e5b0-13fc-4ce3-afd8-057285820ed2 | Fedora 15 kernel | ACTIVE | | | 0249a9cc-dced-4c5f-91eb-d6900576206f | Fedora 17 | ACTIVE | | | f07c936f-7678-40e5-bbfd-f7142a5482ff | Fedora 17 initrd | ACTIVE | | | a0fbc138-1879-439f-8f78-9b98893778b3 | Fedora 17 kernel | ACTIVE | | | d3ac534d-d839-4b25-af92-c143930f3694 | Fedora 17 old glibc | ACTIVE | | | d1eec0f5-e948-435d-899c-d865320698d7 | IFCA Debian Wheezy (2011-08) JeOS | ACTIVE | | | cdbb6f8f-d10e-4e2b-879d-250d29fb9dbb | IFCA Scientific Linux 5.5 + PROOF v5.30.00 | ACTIVE | | | 6857ee01-2ba9-4846-b788-9e826dd9aaba | IFCA Scientific Linux 5.5 + ROOT v5.30.00 | ACTIVE | | | 18d99a06-c3e5-4157-a0e3-37ec34bdfc24 | IFCA Scientific Linux 5.5 JeOS | ACTIVE | | | 75896bad-05d3-45f6-9958-5940f82d0048 | IFCA Scientific Linux 6.2 JeOS | ACTIVE | | | 486c139e-f34d-465c-959c-1b9c8bf60cfd | IFCA Ubuntu Server 10.04 JeOS | ACTIVE | | | 694f2673-7ea3-4690-a25e-c9dd4297519a | IFCA Ubuntu Server 10.04 JeOS | ACTIVE | | | 66963875-5389-4048-b385-6f7e12a0915f | IFCA Ubuntu Server 11.10 JeOS | ACTIVE | | | 3ef6bb0c-6a17-47c9-a949-70256eb6651e | IFCA openSUSE 11.4 + Compilers | ACTIVE | | | daaed27e-6226-4295-8018-ad3b6b5210f6 | IFCA openSUSE 11.4 + Compilers + Mathematica | ACTIVE | | | 29233856-ed8e-4b61-ac81-898eb5e7c263 | IFCA openSUSE 11.4 JeOS | ACTIVE | | | f4e39219-ad13-495e-a35b-315a94675b0f | Ubuntu 11.10 kernel | ACTIVE | | | 369455d3-7f84-4630-b60c-e0ebf29a410c | Ubuntu 12.04 JeOS | ACTIVE | | | 4590d3b0-1df6-49a7-ae68-4dde83089b01 | Ubuntu Server 11.10 JeOS | ACTIVE | | | fea1838f-29a0-47dd-bd84-6c6cc6806ff3 | cloudpipe | ACTIVE | | | 6f02785c-5a39-4e1a-a7e3-75d48f0f0076 | ubuntu 12.04 kernel | ACTIVE | | +--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+--------+--------+
The nova image-show can give you more details about a given image, for example the "IFCA Scientific Linux 5.5 JeOS", which has an ID 18d99a06-c3e5-4157-a0e3-37ec34bdfc24:
$ nova image-show 18d99a06-c3e5-4157-a0e3-37ec34bdfc24 +----------+--------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +----------+--------------------------------------+ | created | 2012-01-30T10:12:22Z | | id | 18d99a06-c3e5-4157-a0e3-37ec34bdfc24 | | minDisk | 0 | | minRam | 0 | | name | IFCA Scientific Linux 5.5 JeOS | | progress | 100 | | status | ACTIVE | | updated | 2012-07-18T08:50:48Z | +----------+--------------------------------------+
3.3. Sizes
As in the case of the image to use, you can select the size of the VM to start. The list of available sizes (flavors in OpenStack terminology) can be obtained with nova flavor-list:
$ nova flavor-list
+----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+-------------+
| ID | Name | Memory_MB | Disk | Ephemeral | Swap | VCPUs | RXTX_Factor | Is_Public | extra_specs |
+----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+-------------+
| 1 | m1.tiny | 512 | 0 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | N/A | {} |
| 2 | m1.small | 2048 | 10 | 20 | | 1 | 1.0 | N/A | {} |
| 3 | m1.medium | 4096 | 10 | 40 | | 2 | 1.0 | N/A | {} |
| 4 | m1.large | 7000 | 10 | 80 | | 4 | 1.0 | N/A | {} |
| 5 | m1.xlarge | 14000 | 10 | 160 | | 8 | 1.0 | N/A | {} |
+----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+-------------+
3.4. Starting a machine
For starting a new VM, you need to specify one image, one size and a name for the new machine. Optionally, you can also spcify a keypair (it is always recommended to do so). The nova boot command lets you start the machine. For example, in order to create a VM that:
runs IFCA Scientific Linux 5.5 JeOS (ID 18d99a06-c3e5-4157-a0e3-37ec34bdfc24)
of size m1.tiny
with the key cloudkey
and named testVM
you would need to issue the following command:
$ nova boot --flavor m1.tiny --image 18d99a06-c3e5-4157-a0e3-37ec34bdfc24 --key_name cloudkey testVM
+------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL |
| OS-EXT-STS:power_state | 0 |
| OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling |
| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building |
| accessIPv4 | |
| accessIPv6 | |
| adminPass | PGg4KxZo3Fn4 |
| config_drive | |
| created | 2012-09-28T10:02:02Z |
| flavor | m1.tiny |
| hostId | |
| id | cd9e08b9-6899-4748-909a-2ff667ff1905 |
| image | IFCA Scientific Linux 5.5 JeOS |
| key_name | cloudkey |
| metadata | {} |
| name | testVM |
| progress | 0 |
| status | BUILD |
| tenant_id | c725b18d8d0643e7b410dc5a8d9ab554 |
| updated | 2012-09-28T10:02:03Z |
| user_id | db66762e4fe148f8b8484c461a7a7182 |
+------------------------+--------------------------------------+The id of the machine will allow you to query its status with nova show:
$ nova show cd9e08b9-6899-4748-909a-2ff667ff1905
+------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL |
| OS-EXT-STS:power_state | 2 |
| OS-EXT-STS:task_state | None |
| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | active |
| accessIPv4 | |
| accessIPv6 | |
| config_drive | |
| created | 2012-09-28T10:02:02Z |
| flavor | m1.tiny (1) |
| hostId | 5ed92271869711d494f1326b9611825d5635ab659ea3e143c13ca8c6 |
| id | cd9e08b9-6899-4748-909a-2ff667ff1905 |
| image | IFCA Scientific Linux 5.5 JeOS (18d99a06-c3e5-4157-a0e3-37ec34bdfc24) |
| key_name | cloudkey |
| metadata | {} |
| name | testVM |
| private network | 172.16.2.8 |
| progress | 0 |
| status | ACTIVE |
| tenant_id | c725b18d8d0643e7b410dc5a8d9ab554 |
| updated | 2012-09-28T10:03:54Z |
| user_id | db66762e4fe148f8b8484c461a7a7182 |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+Alternatively, you can use nova list to get the list of the current machines:
$ nova list +--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------+-------------------------------------+ | ID | Name | Status | Networks | +--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------+-------------------------------------+ | 4b999e84-b37e-4b95-952d-3414ba271930 | c725b18d8d0643e7b410dc5a8d9ab554-vpn | ACTIVE | private=172.16.2.2 | | 3051dea4-0164-4a3a-9af2-14efe7ea93e9 | horizon_test | ACTIVE | private=172.16.2.11, 193.146.75.142 | | e02cee2d-c09f-4429-9724-91d7e10277ec | lbnl | ACTIVE | private=172.16.2.10 | | cd9e08b9-6899-4748-909a-2ff667ff1905 | testVM | ACTIVE | private=172.16.2.8 | +--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------+-------------------------------------+
3.5. Connecting to the machine
Once the machine status is ACTIVE, it will be ready for using it. You can connect via ssh with your key. The IP address of the machine is shown in the nova list output.
$ ssh -i cloudkey.pem root@172.16.2.8 Last login: Mon May 10 16:11:40 2010 [root@testvm ~]#
3.6. VM Lifecycle
Your VM will be available until you explicitly destroy it. You can pause/reboot/resume/delete the machine with these commands:
Action |
Command |
Reboot the VM |
nova reboot <id> |
Pause the VM |
nova pause <id> |
Resume the VM |
nova resume <id> |
Delete the VM |
nova delete <id> |
Deleting the machine will destroy it and the contents of the disk will be lost. Make sure that all your data are stored in a permanent storage before deleting the machine. See the section on volumes for more information.
$ nova delete cd9e08b9-6899-4748-909a-2ff667ff1905 $ nova list +--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------+-------------------------------------+ | ID | Name | Status | Networks | +--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------+-------------------------------------+ | 4b999e84-b37e-4b95-952d-3414ba271930 | c725b18d8d0643e7b410dc5a8d9ab554-vpn | ACTIVE | private=172.16.2.2 | | 3051dea4-0164-4a3a-9af2-14efe7ea93e9 | horizon_test | ACTIVE | private=172.16.2.11, 193.146.75.142 | | e02cee2d-c09f-4429-9724-91d7e10277ec | lbnl | ACTIVE | private=172.16.2.10 | +--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------+-------------------------------------+
Always delete your VMs once you do not need them anymore
Otherwise your usage will be accounted and it will affect your quotas and billing.
4. Permanent Storage: Volumes
The VMs use a temporary disk that is destroy when the machine is deleted. If you need permanent storage for your data, you can use Volumes. Volumes are raw block devices that can be created dynamically with a desired size. Volumes can be attached and detached from a running cloud VM to be used as a data disk (similarly to a usb stick that can be plug and unplugged to a computer).
4.1. Creating Volumes
The nova volume-create creates new volumes. You must specify the size (in GB) and optionally a name. In our case we will create a new volume with 5GB called mydata
$ nova volume-create --display-name 'mydata' 5
+---------------------+----------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+---------------------+----------------------------+
| attachments | [] |
| availability_zone | nova |
| created_at | 2012-09-28 15:16:44.590600 |
| display_description | None |
| display_name | mydata |
| id | 14 |
| metadata | {} |
| size | 5 |
| snapshot_id | None |
| status | creating |
| volume_type | None |
+---------------------+----------------------------+The nova volume-list shows all available volumes:
$ nova volume-list +----+-----------+--------------+------+-------------+-------------+ | ID | Status | Display Name | Size | Volume Type | Attached to | +----+-----------+--------------+------+-------------+-------------+ | 14 | available | mydata | 5 | None | | +----+-----------+--------------+------+-------------+-------------+
The volume is now created and can be attached to a VM.
4.2. Attaching Volumes
Attaching is the process of associating a volume with a given instance, so the volume is seen as a new block device in the VM. The command to attach the volume is nova volume-attach, and the parameters are:
- the id of the VM
- the id of the volume
the local block device where the volume will be attached. These devices are in the form /dev/xvd<DEVICE_LETTER>, where <DEVICE_LETTER> goes from c to z (/dev/xvdc, /dev/xvdd, ..., /dev/xvdz)
For example:
$ nova volume-attach 9f870141-638e-4eb9-a2fa-ec770d1edb79 14 /dev/xvdc +----------+-------+ | Property | Value | +----------+-------+ | id | 14 | | volumeId | 14 | +----------+-------+
nova volume-list should now show that the volume is attached:
$ nova volume-list +----+--------+--------------+------+-------------+--------------------------------------+ | ID | Status | Display Name | Size | Volume Type | Attached to | +----+--------+--------------+------+-------------+--------------------------------------+ | 14 | in-use | mydata | 5 | None | 9f870141-638e-4eb9-a2fa-ec770d1edb79 | +----+--------+--------------+------+-------------+--------------------------------------+
Log into your VM and check with dmesg that the volume is now attached:
[root@testvm ~]# fdisk -l | grep Disk Disk /dev/xvda doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/xvdc doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/xvda: 3220 MB, 3220176896 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/xvdc: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Volumes are created without any kind of filesystem, you will need to create one the first time that you use it. A single ext4 partition should be enough for most use cases. You can create such filesystem with this command from your VM: mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdc (change /dev/xvdc if needed)
Now you can mount your volume (for example in /srv) and start using it:
[root@testvm ~]# mount -t ext4 -o sync /dev/xvdc /srv [root@testvm ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda 3.0G 790M 2.1G 28% / tmpfs 245M 0 245M 0% /dev/shm /dev/xvdc 5.0G 138M 4.6G 3% /srv
4.3. Detaching Volumes
Once you are done with the volume, you can umount it at your VM:
[root@testvm ~]# umount /dev/xvdc
And detach it from the VM with nova detach with the VM and Volume id as arguments:
$ nova volume-detach 9f870141-638e-4eb9-a2fa-ec770d1edb79 14
The volume should appear again as available when you list it:
$ nova volume-list +----+-----------+--------------+------+-------------+-------------+ | ID | Status | Display Name | Size | Volume Type | Attached to | +----+-----------+--------------+------+-------------+-------------+ | 14 | available | mydata | 5 | None | | +----+-----------+--------------+------+-------------+-------------+
4.4. Deleting volumes
You can reuse as many times as you like your volumes in your VMs, the data stored in them will persist after you have destroy your VMs. If you no longer need one of your volumes, you can do so with the nova volume-delete command. Once you delete a volume, you will not be able to access to its data again!.
$ nova-delete 9
5. Networking
All created VMs have a private IP accessible from the GRIDUI. If you need access to the machine from outside GRIDUI, there are two alternatives: using a VPN or assigning public IPs to the VMs.
5.1. VPN
VPNs are currently being tested in the infrastructure. The documentation will be updated as soon as the features are available.
5.2. Public IPs
IFCA provides a pool of public IPs to use them in the cloud service. These can be allocated for your use and assigned to your VMs. Please note that the number of public IPs is limited!
New IPs are created with nova floating-ip-create:
$ nova floating-ip-create +----------------+-------------+----------+------+ | Ip | Instance Id | Fixed Ip | Pool | +----------------+-------------+----------+------+ | 193.146.75.142 | None | None | nova | +----------------+-------------+----------+------+
You can get the list of the current available IPs with nova floation-ip-list:
$ nova floating-ip-list +----------------+-------------+----------+------+ | Ip | Instance Id | Fixed Ip | Pool | +----------------+-------------+----------+------+ | 193.146.75.142 | None | None | nova | +----------------+-------------+----------+------+
This newly allocated IP can now be associated to a running VM with nova add-floating-ip <VM ID> <IP>:
$ nova add-floating-ip 9f870141-638e-4eb9-a2fa-ec770d1edb79 193.146.75.142
The list command will show that the IP is assigned:
$ nova floating-ip-list +----------------+--------------------------------------+------------+------+ | Ip | Instance Id | Fixed Ip | Pool | +----------------+--------------------------------------+------------+------+ | 193.146.75.142 | 9f870141-638e-4eb9-a2fa-ec770d1edb79 | 172.16.2.9 | nova | +----------------+--------------------------------------+------------+------+
And you will be able to connect to the machine with this new IP:
$ ssh -i cloudkey.pem root@193.146.75.142 The authenticity of host '193.146.75.142 (193.146.75.142)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 29:80:9b:28:e7:8a:00:fe:6c:60:ef:e6:a6:71:33:bd. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '193.146.75.142' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. Last login: Fri Sep 28 16:54:40 2012 from gridui02.ifca.es [root@testvm ~]#
IPs can be disassociated from the VM with the nova remove-floating-ip <VM ID> <IP>:
$ nova remove-floating-ip 9f870141-638e-4eb9-a2fa-ec770d1edb79 193.146.75.142
IPs can be associated/disassociated as many times as needed to any VM you may have running. When no longer needed, release the IP address (i.e. it will no longer be available four your use):
$ nova floating-ip-delete 193.146.75.142
6. Euca commands
This document is based in the nova native commands of OpenStack, but you can also use the euca- commands that use the EC2 API instead of the OpenStack one. Credentials for EC2 can be obtained from the web portal. You can download a zip file and unzip it into your GRIDUI home. It contains some certificates and a shell script with the variables needed for running the euca commands. Source it before attempting any command:
$ . ec2rc.sh
The process for managing your VMs is practically identical, but you need to be aware that different identifiers are used at each system. For example, showing all the available images is performed with euca-describe-images. The id to use when starting the image is in the form ami-xxxxxxxx:
$ euca-describe-images IMAGE ami-00000001 None (IFCA Scientific Linux 5.5 JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000002 None (IFCA Scientific Linux 5.5 + ROOT v5.30.00) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000003 None (IFCA Ubuntu Server 10.04 JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000004 None (IFCA Debian Wheezy (2011-08) JeOS) available publicmachine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000005 None (cloudpipe) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000006 None (IFCA Scientific Linux 5.5 + PROOF v5.30.00) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000007 None (IFCA Ubuntu Server 10.04 JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000008 None (IFCA openSUSE 11.4 JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-00000009 None (IFCA openSUSE 11.4 + Compilers) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-0000000a None (IFCA openSUSE 11.4 + Compilers + Mathematica) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-0000000b None (IFCA Ubuntu Server 11.10 JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE ami-0000000c None (Fedora 15) available public machine aki-0000000d ari-0000000e instance-store IMAGE aki-0000000d None (Fedora 15 kernel) available private kernel instance-store IMAGE ari-0000000e None (Fedora 15 initrd) available private ramdisk instance-store IMAGE ari-00000011 None (Fedora 17 initrd) available private ramdisk instance-store IMAGE aki-00000010 None (Fedora 17 kernel) available private kernel instance-store IMAGE ami-0000000f None (Fedora 17) available public machine aki-00000010 ari-00000011 instance-store IMAGE ami-00000012 None (Fedora 17 old glibc) available public machine aki-00000010 ari-00000011 instance-store IMAGE ami-00000017 None (IFCA Scientific Linux 6.2 JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE aki-00000023 None (ubuntu 12.04 kernel) available public kernel instance-store IMAGE ami-00000022 None (Ubuntu 12.04 JeOS) available public machine instance-store IMAGE aki-00000025 None (Ubuntu 11.10 kernel) available public kernel instance-store IMAGE ami-00000024 None (Ubuntu Server 11.10 JeOS) available public machine aki-00000025 instance-store
Booting a VM with:
runs IFCA Scientific Linux 5.5 JeOS (ID ami-00000001)
of size m1.tiny
with the key cloudkey
$ euca-run-instances -k cloudkey -t m1.tiny ami-00000001 RESERVATION r-d4722tgt c725b18d8d0643e7b410dc5a8d9ab554 default INSTANCE i-00000203 ami-00000001 server-515 server-515 pending cloudkey 2012-10-01T08:46:42.000Z None None
Again, note the different kind of identifiers. Any other euca commands referring to this VM should use i-00000203 as identifier.
The following table summarizes the main commands and their euca equivalents.
Action |
nova |
euca |
Create a keypair named cloudkey |
nova keypair-add cloudkey > cloudkey.pem |
euca-add-keypair cloudkey > cloudkey.pem |
List keypairs |
nova keypair-list |
euca-describe-keypairs |
List images |
nova image-list |
euca-describe-images |
List sizes |
nova flavor-list |
Not available |
Start VM |
nova boot --flavor <flavor_name> --image <image_id> --key-name <key_name> <VM_NAME> |
euca-run-instances -t <flavor_name> -k <key_name> ami-<AMI> |
List VMs |
nova list |
euca-describe-instances |
Show VM details |
nova show <vm_id> |
euca-describe-instances i-<vm_id> |
Delete VM |
nova delete <vm_id> |
euca-terminate-instances i-<vm_id> |
Create Volume |
nova volume-create <size in GB> |
euca-create-volume -s <size in GB> |
List Volume |
nova volume-list |
euca-describe-volumes |
Attach Volume |
nova volume-attach <vm_id> <vol_id> <local device> |
euca-attach-volume -i i-<vm_id> -d <local device> vol-<vol_id> |
Detach Volume |
nova volume-detach <vm_id> <vol_id> |
euca-detach-volme vol-<vol_id> |
Allocate IP |
nova floating-ip-create |
euca-allocate-address |
Associate IP |
nova add-floating-ip <vm_id> <IP> |
euca-associate-address -i i-<vm_id> <IP> |
List IPs |
nova floation-ip-list |
euca-describe-addresses |
Disassociate IP |
nova remove-floating-ip <vm_id> <IP> |
euca-disassociate-address <IP> |
Release IP |
nova floating-ip-delete <IP> |
euca-release-address <IP> |
7. Using the web portal
The OpenStack dashboard lets you perform all the operations described in this manual from your web browser.
NEDS REVISION
7.1. Creating a Machine with OpenStack
Go to http://portal.cloud.ifca.es to access to OpenStack system, which lets you to create a new image in the cloud.
7.2. Image and size selection
You should launch the image that you want to use (within a list of OS) and click “Launch”. A new popup window will be shown and you have to choose the configuration of the system (requirements, name of the server...).
7.3. Create SSH credentials
You must import or create a new key in order to access to that image. To do so go to “Access & Security” tab and click on Create or Import Keypair.
7.4. Connect to the server
In order to access throw ssh to the image, you must asign an IP to the instance. Click on “Access & Security” again and select “Allocate IP to project”. Choose the type of IP that you want to use and click “Allocate IP”. After that, you need to link that IP with your new image. Click on the button “Associate IP” of your new IP and select the instance that you have just created.
7.4.1. SSH Connection
Last step is to download the keypair that you have created or imported and move it to the machine that you will use to conect to the isntance. Change permission to 600 and use the following command to connect:
$ ssh -i clave.pem root@cloud.image.IP
Done